Hi, I am practicing switching on gns3.

What does it mean to have a switch port status :up but protocol:down.
the switchports are configured foe acess vlans.

other trunk ports on switch are working fine up/up and can ping tp router subinterfaces (vlan gateways)

only the access ports are down. when i attach an end device to access ports, cdp can not discover it. any idea?

Are you practicing switching on a real switch that is just connected to your topology on GNS3? I don't recall GNS3 being able to emulate switching IOSs. An up/down port status means that the port is physically available (which is obvious since it's a virtual port) but that there is a layer 2 issue. Do a show run on the switch and post the output here.

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i m using router with 16nmesw module as switch.